Inheriting a Loved One's Retirement Assets
Your options in managing retirement assets depend on
whether the deceased was your spouse and also on the type of retirement account
(401(k)/403(b) plan, IRA, or annuity) that you inherit.
Callout:
Understanding an employer-sponsored plan's rules for
beneficiaries is critical when making decisions about the bequest.
Social Media Message:
If you have inherited retirement assets, pay attention to IRS
rules governing the bequest.
If you recently inherited retirement assets from a deceased
loved one, it is important to pay attention to IRS rules that govern this type
of bequest. Your options in managing this money typically depend on your
relationship to the deceased and the type of retirement account (401(k) or 403(b)
plan, IRA, or annuity) that you inherited.
Employer-Sponsored Plans
When inheriting a deceased spouse's assets within an
employer-sponsored plan, you are not required to pay federal estate or income
taxes if the assets are left intact within the estate. After age 70½, you must
begin required minimum distributions (RMDs) based on your life expectancy. The
formula for calculating the RMDs, which are taxed as ordinary income, is
available in IRS Publication 590. This withdrawal schedule typically is preferred
to cashing out the entire bequest at once, which is likely to trigger higher
tax payments.
If the deceased was not
your spouse, the plan's rules generally determine your course of action.
Depending on the plan, you may have one or more of the following options: Leave
the money in the plan, transfer the money to an IRA created for this purpose,
or elect a cash distribution.
Some employer plans
offer nonspousal beneficiaries the option of completing a trustee-to-trustee
transfer from an employer-sponsored plan to an IRA established for this
purpose. The nonspousal beneficiary is required to take annual distributions
based on the beneficiary's life expectancy. Note that in this type of scenario,
the IRA is opened in the decedent's name for the beneficiary's benefit, and
assets transferred to the IRA cannot be comingled with other IRAs that the
beneficiary may have established.
In other instances,
employer plans can default to a five-year payout rule and require nonspousal
beneficiaries to empty the account within five years of the death of the
deceased. Distributions taken by nonspousal heirs are taxed as ordinary income.
Before taking any
action, it is critical to determine the rules of the deceased's retirement plan
and consult a financial advisor or a tax advisor to make sure that you avoid
unnecessary taxes.
IRAs
When inheriting a traditional IRA from a deceased spouse, you
may designate yourself as the account owner and treat an inherited IRA as your
own. This means you can transfer the assets to an existing IRA. These transfers
typically do not trigger tax payments as long as you follow the rules for
trustee-to-trustee transfers. You may also begin taking distributions, which
are taxed as ordinary income. With a traditional IRA, after age 70½, you are
mandated to take annual RMDs, which are based on your life expectancy and are
taxed as ordinary income.
If the deceased was not
your spouse, you cannot transfer assets within an inherited IRA to your own
existing IRA. Instead, you have two options: You may take all distributions
within five years of the decedent's death or take annual distributions
determined by the life expectancy of you or the decedent, whichever is longer.
Annuities
If you receive a survivor annuity, the tax status of periodic
payments to you is determined by how much the decedent paid for the annuity
contract, which is known as the cost basis.1 If the decedent did not pay for
the contract (for example, if it was provided by an employer), periodic
payments to you are taxable. Assuming the deceased had a cost basis, the amount
up to the cost of the contract is not taxable, but amounts in excess of the
deceased's cost are taxed as ordinary income.
Because determining the
tax status of annuities and other inherited retirement assets can be
complicated, you may want to consult an estate planning attorney or a financial
advisor to answer any questions you may have.
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Source/Disclaimer:
1An annuity is a long-term, tax-deferred investment
vehicle designed for investment purposes and contains both an investment and an
insurance component. They are sold only by prospectus. Guarantees are based on
the claims-paying ability of the issuer and do not apply to an annuity's
separate account or its underlying investments. The investment returns and principal
value of the available sub-portfolios will fluctuate so that the value of an
investor's unit, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than their original
value. Gains from tax-deferred investments are taxable as ordinary income upon
withdrawal.
Required
Attribution
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© 2012 S&P Capital IQ Financial Communications. All
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June 2012 — This column is
provided through the Financial Planning Association, the membership
organization for the financial planning community, and is brought to you
by Sierra Pacific Financial Advisor, a local member
of FPA.